Welcome to Official Web site of Punjab, India

Classification of Area in Punjab
Area Under Crop
Agriculture Production
Yield Rates of Principal Crops
Area Under Food and Non-Food Crops in Punjab
Area Under Fruits in Punjab
Area Under Vegetables in Punjab

Area Under Crops:
During the year 1970-71 there was 40.53 lakh hectares area under cultivation , which increased to 42.01 lakh hectares in 2003-2004, showing an increase of 3.7 percent, Cropping intensity, which reveals percentage of gross cropped area to net area shown, has been enhanced from 140 in 1970-71 to 188 during 2003-2004. The present agriculture cropping pattern in the State is dominated by the wheat-paddy rotation causing degradation in soil fertility and fall in the underground water table. It is also creating serious market problems. Wheat and paddy cover major portion of the gross cropped area. During 2003-2004, area under these crops increased to 77 percent over the area under these two crops which was only 47 percent in 1970-71. Area under wheat has increased from 33.75 lakh hectares in 2002-03 to 34.44 lakh hectares in 2003-2004 showing an increase of 2.0 percent. It is expected to decrease to 32.50 lakh hectares in the coming year. Similarly the area under paddy during this period has increased from 25.30 (P) lakh hectares to 26.14 (P) lakh hectares showing an increase of 3.3 percent. The area under paddy is expected to decline to 24.00 (T) lakh hectare in the coming year.

Item	1990-91	2000-01(R)	2001-02(P)	2002-03(P)	2003-04(P)	2004-05(T)
Rice	2015	2612	2489	2530	2614	2400
Bajra	12	6	7	7	8	10
Maize	188	165	165	153	154	220
Wheat	3273	3408	3422	3375	3444	3250
Barley	37	32	23	26	23	30
Jowar	(a)	-	(a)	-	-	-
Other Cereals	(a)	-	-	-	-	-
Total Cereals	5525	6223	6106	6091	6243	5910
Gram	60	8	7	7	6	20
Other Pulses	83	46	42	34	38	65
Total Pulses	143	54	49	41	44	85
Total Food grains	5668	6277	6155	6132	6287	5995
Groundnut	11	4	4	5	4	6
Other Oilseeds	93	82	79	94	82	164
Total Oilseeds	104	86	83	99	86	170
Sugarcane	101	121	143	154	123	150
Cotton American Desi	701 637 64	474 358 116	607 507 100	450 374 76	452 386 66	550 .. ..
All Other Crops	927	983	954	991	957	..
Gross Area Shown	7501	7941	7941	7826	7905	..

Source: Ministry of Agriculture, Govt. of Punjab

Agricultural Production
The total food grain production in Punjab has increased significantly over the last few decades , especially in the post of Green Revolution period. In 1970-71, production of food grains was 73.05 lakh tones, which increased to 247.24 lakh metric tons in 2003-2004 (P) registering more than three fold increase. At the beginning of the decade (1990-91) production of food grains was 192.18 lakh tons which increased to 247.24 lakh tons in 2003-2004 (P) Wheat and rice played a major role in pushing up agricultural production . The production of rice, which was 65.06 lakh metric tons in 1990-91, increased to 96.56 lakh metric tons in 2003-2004 (P) showing an increase of 48 percent. Similarly, the production of wheat which was 121.59 lakh metric tons in 1990-91 rose to 144.89 lakh metric tons during 2003-2004 (P) registering an increase of 19 percent.

Item	1990-1991	2000-2001 (R)	2001-2002 (P)	2002-2003 (P)	2003-2004 (P)	2004-2005 (T)
Rice	6506	9157	8824	8880	9656	8800
Bajra	13	5	7	6	8	10
Maize	333	461	449	312	459	605
Wheat	12159	15551	15509	14175	14489	14788
Barely	101	109	78	85	77	102
Jowar	(b)	-	(b)	-	-	-
Other Cereals	(b)	-	-	-	-	-
Total Cereals	19113	25283	24867	23458	24689	24305
Gram	45	8	6	7	5	20
Other Pulses	60	31	25	24	30	49
Total Pulses	105	39	31	31	35	69
Total Foodgrains	19218	25322	24898	23489	24724	24374
Groundnut	9	4	4	4	4	5
Other Oilseeds	84	84	80	82	99	160
Total Oilseeds	93	88	84	86	103	165
Sugarcane	601	777	925	908	662	960
Cotton American Desi	1909 1802 107	1199 921 278	1307 1139 168	1085 955 130	1478 1306 172	1450 .. ..

The production of sugarcane (in term of Gur) decreased from 9.08 lakh metric tons in 2002-03 to 6.62 lakh tons in 2003-2004 (P) showing a decrease of 27.1. Percent During 1990-91, production of sugarcane was 6.01 lakh metric tons. However the production of oil seeds has shown an increasing trend from 0.86 lakh metric tons in 2002-03 to 1.03 lakh metric tons in 2003-2004 (P). The increase in the production of oil seeds is mainly due to the increase in yield of oil seeds. The other food grain crops in the state are maize, bajra, barley, gram and pulses. the share of these crops in total food grains is 2.3 percent in 2003-2004. The production of cotton (cleaned) increased from 10.85 lakh bales in 2002-03 (P) to 14.78 lakh bales in 2003-2004(P) showing an increase of 36 percent. The increase in production is due to increase in yield of this crop. The index of Agricultural Production (all commodities) rose from 269.55 in 1990-91 to 334.13 during 2003-2004 (P) showing an increase of 24.0 percent. However the index of Agricultural production increased from 314.73 in 2002-03 to 334.13 in 2003-2004 showing an increase of 6.16 percent.

Group	Weight	1990-91	2000-01(R)	2001-02(P)	2002-03(P)	2003-04(P)
1. Food grains	64.19	324.06	430.89	436.32	404.11	429.56
(i) Cereals	49.94	410.08	551.79	559.32	517.95	550.52
(ii) pulses	14.25	22.61	7.34	5.25	5.31	5.80
2. Non-Food grains	35.81	171.75	154.71	169.42	154.44	162.97
(i) Oilseeds	5.68	105.10	113.86	113.60	78.84	65.51
(ii) Fibers	16.98	239.12	147.80	162.61	134.97	184.04
(iii) Misc.	13.15	113.39	181.33	202.41	212.36	177.91
All Commodities	100.00	269.55	332.02	340.80	314.73	334.13

The production of food grain is expected to be around 243.74 lakh metric tons in 2004-05 (T) as against 247.24 lakh metric tons production in the previous year. In the light of state Govt.'s emphasis on shift in cropping pattern from wheat paddy domination to other crops the production of rice is expected to decline from 96.56 lakh metric tons in 2003-04 (P) to 88.00 lakh metric tons in 2003-2004 (T). The production of pulses is likely to increase from 0.35 lakh metric tons in 2003-2004 (P) to 0.69 lakh metric tons in 2004-05 (T). The production of oil seeds is expected to increase from 1.03 lakh metric tons in 2003-2004 (P) to 1.65 lakh metric tons in the year 2004-05 (T). Similarly, the production of sugarcane (Gur) is also expected to increase from 6.62 lakh metric tons to 9.60 lakh metric tons in 2004-05 (T).

Source: Director of Land Record/Agriculture, Punjab

Yield Rates of Principal Crops
Yield rates in Kgs per hectares of various crops during 2003-2004 (P) were as follows: wheat 4207,rice
3694, maize 2982, gram 899, sugarcane (gur) 5382, cotton American 575, cotton desi 444, rape seed
and mustard 1195,groundnut 905 and sunflower 1600.

Crops	1990-1991	2000-2001(R)	2001-2002(P)	2002-2003(P)	2003-2004(P)
Wheat	3,715	4,563	4,532	4,200	4,207
Rice	3,229	3,506	3,545	3,510	3,694
Maize	1,784	2,793	2,722	2,040	2,984
Barley	2,759	3,393	3,393	3,273	3,342
Gram	743	953	873	953	899
Bajra	1,090	893	929	810	993
Sugarcane	5,941	6,425	6,512	5,894	5,382
Cotton (American)	481	437	382	434	575
Cotton (Desi)	285	408	285	290	444
Rapeseed and Mustard	1,014	1,213	1,191	912	1,195
Groundnut	818	879	878	720	905
Sunflower	1,610	1,154	1,533	1589	1,600

Source: Ministry of Agriculture, Govt. of India